Editorial: Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia: Conceptualizing Primary and Secondary Cognitive Symptoms

Summary Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) is increasingly recognized as a core dimension and one of the main determinants of functional disability and poor recovery outcomes in this population. The conceptual distinction between primary and secondary cognitive impairment may provide a clinically meaningful framework for understanding CIAS. Primary cognitive impairment reflects the neurobiological and neurodevelopmental abnormalities underlying the disorder, whereas secondary cognitive impairment results from potentially modifiable factors, including psychopathological symptoms, pharmacotherapy, substance abuse, metabolic syndrome, sleep disturbances, and social deprivation. Identifying secondary factors contributing to CIAS could promote personalized treatment strategies and improve functional outcomes. This multidimensional framework might also refine research methodologies and support the development of more targeted and e  ective interventions for CIAS.